Draxxin is a key antibiotic for treating respiratory diseases in cattle, with a standard dosage of 2.5 mg/kg body weight. Correct administration ensures effectiveness and minimizes risks.
Overview of Draxxin and Its Use in Cattle
Draxxin, containing tulathromycin, is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic used to treat and control respiratory diseases in cattle. It targets pathogens like Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Mycoplasma bovis, which cause bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Additionally, it is effective against infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) and foot rot. Draxxin is administered via subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, with a standard dosage of 2.5 mg/kg body weight. Its long-lasting action and high tissue distribution make it a preferred choice for cattle owners. The drug is approved for use in beef and dairy cattle, veal calves, and swine, but it is not recommended for female dairy cattle over 20 months of age. Draxxin’s efficacy in reducing mortality and improving recovery rates has made it a critical tool in veterinary care for livestock.
Importance of Correct Dosage for Cattle Health
Correct dosage of Draxxin is crucial for ensuring the health and well-being of cattle. Administering the proper dose helps maintain therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing potential side effects. Overdosing can lead to adverse reactions, such as injection site reactions or anaphylaxis, while underdosing may reduce the drug’s efficacy, allowing the disease to progress. Proper dosing also prevents the development of antibiotic resistance, a growing concern in veterinary medicine. Additionally, adhering to the recommended dosage ensures compliance with regulatory guidelines and withdrawal periods, safeguarding the quality of meat and dairy products. Veterinarians play a key role in determining the appropriate dosage based on the animal’s weight and condition, ensuring safe and effective treatment outcomes for cattle.
Draxxin Dosage Specifications for Cattle
Draxxin is administered at 2.5 mg/kg body weight via subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, with a maximum of 10 mL per subcutaneous site or 2.5 mL intramuscularly.
Recommended Dosage Rate for Cattle
The recommended dosage rate for Draxxin in cattle is 2.5 mg/kg of body weight, administered either subcutaneously or intramuscularly. This dosage ensures effective treatment of respiratory diseases caused by pathogens such as Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Mycoplasma bovis. For subcutaneous administration, the maximum volume per injection site is 10 mL, while intramuscular injections should not exceed 2.5 mL per site. To simplify dosing, 1.1 mL of Draxxin per 100 lbs of body weight is equivalent for subcutaneous use, and 0.25 mL per 22 lbs for intramuscular administration. Proper dosing is critical to maximize therapeutic efficacy and minimize potential side effects. Always consult a veterinarian to ensure accurate dosing based on the animal’s weight and health status.
Factors Affecting Dosage in Cattle
The dosage of Draxxin for cattle depends on several factors, including the animal’s body weight, age, and overall health status. The standard dose of 2.5 mg/kg is calculated based on body weight to ensure efficacy and safety. Additionally, the method of administration—subcutaneous or intramuscular—affects how the drug is absorbed and distributed. The formulation of Draxxin, such as Draxxin KP or Draxxin Plus, may also influence dosing due to added components like anti-inflammatory agents. Environmental stressors, disease severity, and potential resistance patterns should also be considered. It is crucial to follow the veterinarian’s guidance to adjust dosages appropriately, ensuring optimal treatment outcomes while minimizing risks of adverse reactions or residue issues. Proper dosing is vital to maintain the drug’s effectiveness and safety profile in cattle. Always adhere to the prescribed regimen to avoid underdosing or overdosing, which can compromise efficacy or animal well-being.
Subcutaneous Administration Guidelines
Subcutaneous administration of Draxxin is recommended for cattle, typically in the neck area. The dosage is 2.5 mg/kg body weight, ensuring accurate calculation based on the animal’s weight. Administer the drug using a sterile needle and syringe, injecting under the skin rather than into the muscle. It is important to avoid injecting more than 10 mL per site to prevent tissue irritation. Rotate injection sites to minimize local reactions and ensure proper absorption. Always follow the veterinarian’s instructions to maintain efficacy and safety. Proper handling and storage of Draxxin are essential to preserve its potency, and the product should be used within the recommended timeframe to ensure effectiveness. Adhering to these guidelines helps optimize treatment outcomes and minimize potential side effects.
Intramuscular Administration Guidelines
Intramuscular administration of Draxxin is an alternative method for treating cattle. The recommended dosage remains 2.5 mg/kg body weight, administered directly into the muscle tissue. Ensure the injection site is clean and free from contamination to prevent infections. The maximum volume per injection site should not exceed 2.5 mL to avoid tissue damage. It is crucial to use a suitable needle length to reach the muscle without causing discomfort or injury. Rotate injection sites to distribute the drug evenly and reduce the risk of local reactions. Always follow the veterinarian’s advice and the product’s instructions for proper administration. Proper technique is essential to ensure the drug’s effectiveness and the animal’s safety, minimizing potential adverse reactions and promoting a faster recovery.
Maximum Dosage Limits for Cattle
The maximum recommended dosage of Draxxin for cattle is 2.5 mg/kg body weight, ensuring optimal therapeutic effects without exceeding safety thresholds. Administering higher doses than prescribed may lead to adverse reactions or toxicity. It is critical to adhere to the veterinarian’s instructions and the product label to avoid overmedication. Exceeding the recommended dose can result in increased risk of injection site reactions, allergic responses, or other systemic side effects. Always calculate the dose accurately based on the animal’s weight to prevent overdosing. Proper dosing ensures efficacy while minimizing potential risks to the animal’s health. Never exceed the maximum dosage limit, as it can compromise both safety and treatment outcomes for cattle.
Dosage Volume Per Injection Site
For cattle, the maximum dosage volume per injection site is 10 mL when administering Draxxin subcutaneously and 2.5 mL for intramuscular injections. Exceeding these limits can cause localized tissue reactions or discomfort. Properly splitting doses between multiple injection sites ensures compliance with these guidelines. Always follow the recommended volume per site to minimize potential side effects and ensure the drug’s effectiveness. Proper administration techniques are essential to maintain animal welfare and treatment efficacy. Adhering to these limits helps prevent injection site inflammation or abscess formation. Veterinarians or experienced handlers should perform injections to ensure accuracy and safety. Never exceed the specified volume per site, as it may lead to adverse reactions or reduced therapeutic outcomes for the cattle.
Safety and Precautions
Draxxin is contraindicated in hypersensitive animals. Avoid use in dairy cattle over 20 months. Observe 18-day withdrawal before slaughter. Handle with care and store properly.
Contraindications in Cattle
Draxxin is contraindicated in cattle previously hypersensitive to tulathromycin or any macrolide antibiotic. It must not be used in female dairy cattle 20 months or older. Slaughter withdrawal for cattle is 18 days post-treatment. Use is restricted by veterinary prescription only, ensuring proper adherence to safety guidelines. Handling requires care to avoid exposure, and storage must be in a cool, dry place. Adverse reactions, such as injection site reactions or anaphylaxis, warrant immediate veterinary attention. These precautions ensure the drug’s safe and effective use in treating bovine respiratory diseases and other approved conditions.
Adverse Reactions in Cattle
Common adverse reactions in cattle include injection site reactions, such as swelling or inflammation. Anaphylaxis or anaphylactoid reactions, though rare, can occur in hypersensitive animals. Mild hypersalivation and transient dyspnea have been reported in some cases, often resolving without intervention. These reactions are typically mild and self-limiting but should be monitored. Proper administration techniques and adherence to dosage guidelines minimize the risk of adverse effects. Veterinarians should be consulted if any unusual symptoms persist or worsen, ensuring the health and well-being of treated cattle.
Withdrawal Period for Cattle
Cattle treated with Draxxin must not be slaughtered for human consumption within 18 days of the last dose. This withdrawal period ensures drug residues do not persist in edible tissues. For swine, the withdrawal period is shorter, at 5 days, but this applies only to cattle. Proper adherence to withdrawal guidelines is critical to comply with food safety regulations. Additionally, Draxxin is not approved for use in female dairy cattle 20 months of age or older. Handling and storage instructions must be followed carefully to maintain drug efficacy and safety. Always consult a veterinarian for precise withdrawal and administration guidance to ensure compliance and animal health.
Handling and Storage Instructions
Draxxin should be stored in a cool, dry place, protected from direct sunlight. The product should not be refrigerated or frozen. Draxxin is supplied in ready-to-use vials, and once opened, the solution should be used immediately. Avoid contaminating the vial or syringe during handling. Proper disposal of unused product and packaging should follow local regulations. Always wear protective gloves and eyewear when handling the product to prevent accidental exposure. Ensure the product is kept out of reach of children and pets. For further details, consult the product label or contact a veterinarian. Proper handling and storage are crucial to maintain the efficacy and safety of Draxxin for cattle treatment.
Draxxin Product Variations
Draxxin is available in different formulations, including Draxxin KP and Draxxin Plus, each tailored for specific treatment needs in cattle, ensuring targeted efficacy and enhanced outcomes.
Draxxin KP: Key Features and Dosage
Draxxin KP is a combination antibiotic containing tulathromycin and ketoprofen, designed for treating bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and reducing fever in cattle. It is administered subcutaneously at a dosage of 2.5 mg tulathromycin and 3 mg ketoprofen per kilogram of body weight. This single-dose formulation offers convenience and efficacy, with studies showing improved outcomes compared to other treatments like Resflor Gold. Draxxin KP’s lower dose volume and easier syringeability make it a preferred choice for cattle producers. Its effectiveness in reducing mortality and relapse rates, while promoting better weight gain, underscores its value in managing BRD. The product is particularly noted for its ability to target key pathogens such as Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida, making it a robust solution for respiratory infections in cattle.
Draxxin Plus: Enhanced Formula Details
Draxxin Plus is an advanced formulation combining tulathromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, with ketoprofen, a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). This combination is specifically designed to treat pneumonia in cattle caused by pathogens such as Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Mycoplasma bovis. The recommended dosage is 2.5 mg of tulathromycin and 3 mg of ketoprofen per kilogram of body weight, administered via subcutaneous injection. Draxxin Plus is notable for its ability to reduce fever and inflammation while effectively combating bacterial infections. Its enhanced formula ensures faster recovery and improved animal welfare. The product is particularly beneficial for managing severe respiratory diseases in cattle, offering a comprehensive approach to treatment by addressing both infection and associated inflammation.
Comparison of Draxxin Products
Draxxin and Draxxin Plus are both formulated for treating bovine respiratory disease (BRD) but differ in composition. Draxxin contains only tulathromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, while Draxxin Plus combines tulathromycin with ketoprofen, an NSAID, to reduce fever and inflammation. Both products are administered subcutaneously at a dosage of 2.5 mg/kg body weight. Draxxin is often preferred for its lower volume and ease of administration, whereas Draxxin Plus is chosen for its anti-inflammatory properties, enhancing recovery in severe cases. Both formulations are effective against key BRD pathogens, including Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida, but Draxxin Plus offers additional benefits in managing painful conditions. The choice between them depends on the severity of the disease and the need for anti-inflammatory support.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Draxxin is rapidly absorbed, with high bioavailability, distributing extensively into tissues. It is eliminated primarily unchanged via biliary excretion, with a long half-life, ensuring prolonged therapeutic effects in cattle.
Drug Absorption and Bioavailability
Draxxin is rapidly absorbed following subcutaneous administration, achieving peak plasma concentrations within 15 minutes. Its bioavailability exceeds 90%, ensuring therapeutic effectiveness. The drug distributes extensively into body tissues, with a volume of distribution of approximately 11 L/kg in cattle. Clearance is primarily via biliary excretion, with a systemic clearance rate of around 170 mL/hr/kg. This pharmacokinetic profile supports its long elimination half-life of about 2.75 days in plasma and 8.75 days in lung tissue. Such characteristics enable sustained action against pathogens, making it highly effective for treating respiratory infections. The rapid absorption and high bioavailability ensure optimal drug delivery, crucial for combating diseases like BRD in cattle.
Drug Distribution in Cattle
Draxxin distributes extensively into body tissues following administration, with a volume of distribution of approximately 11 L/kg in healthy cattle. This extensive distribution ensures the drug reaches target sites effectively, particularly in the lungs, where concentrations are significantly higher than in plasma. The drug’s lipophilicity allows it to penetrate tissues rapidly, enhancing its therapeutic efficacy against pathogens causing respiratory diseases. The high volume of distribution contributes to its long elimination half-life, ensuring sustained action against infections like BRD and IBK. This pharmacokinetic property is crucial for maintaining adequate drug levels in tissues where pathogens reside, thereby optimizing treatment outcomes in cattle.
Elimination and Half-Life in Cattle
Draxxin is primarily eliminated from the body via biliary excretion, with minimal metabolic changes. Its elimination half-life in cattle is approximately 2.75 days, reflecting a prolonged action. This extended half-life ensures sustained therapeutic levels, maintaining efficacy against pathogens. The drug’s extensive tissue distribution contributes to its slow clearance, with a total systemic clearance rate of about 170 mL/hr/kg. These pharmacokinetic properties allow for a single-dose administration, simplifying treatment regimens. The longer half-life in lung tissue, up to 8.75 days, underscores its effectiveness in treating respiratory infections. This prolonged presence in the lungs enhances the drug’s ability to combat pathogens causing BRD and other respiratory conditions, making it a reliable choice for cattle health management.
Draxxin Efficacy and Spectrum
Draxxin effectively targets major respiratory pathogens in cattle, providing broad-spectrum efficacy against BRD, IBK, and foot rot, ensuring significant improvement in cattle health and recovery rates.
Bacterial Targets in Cattle
Draxxin effectively targets key bacterial pathogens in cattle, including Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis, which are primary causes of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). It also addresses Moraxella bovis for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) and Fusobacterium necrophorum along with Porphyromonas levii for foot rot. The drug’s antimicrobial activity is supported by low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against these pathogens, as determined by CLSI methods. Draxxin’s pharmacokinetic profile ensures high concentrations in the lungs, where respiratory infections often occur, enhancing its effectiveness. This broad-spectrum activity makes it a reliable choice for treating and controlling bacterial infections in cattle, promoting faster recovery and reducing disease impact.
Approved Indications for Use
Draxxin is FDA-approved for treating bovine respiratory disease (BRD) caused by Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis. It is also indicated for controlling BRD in high-risk cattle. Additionally, Draxxin treats infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) associated with Moraxella bovis and bovine foot rot caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum and Porphyromonas levii. The drug’s efficacy in targeting these pathogens makes it a versatile solution for managing bacterial infections in cattle. Regulatory approvals confirm its safety and effectiveness for these uses, ensuring reliable treatment outcomes for cattle producers and veterinarians.
Effectiveness Against BRD in Cattle
Draxxin demonstrates high efficacy against bovine respiratory disease (BRD), significantly reducing mortality and morbidity. Its active ingredient, tulathromycin, targets key BRD pathogens such as Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis. Studies show that cattle treated with Draxxin experience fewer relapses and improved weight gain compared to other treatments. The drug’s long-acting formulation ensures sustained antimicrobial activity, addressing the infection effectively. This makes Draxxin a preferred choice for veterinarians and cattle producers aiming to control BRD outbreaks and improve animal health outcomes.
Administration Best Practices
Draxxin is administered via subcutaneous or intramuscular injection at 2.5 mg/kg body weight. Ensure proper injection technique and follow dosage guidelines for optimal efficacy and safety.
Injectable Solution Preparation
Draxxin is provided as a ready-to-use injectable solution, eliminating the need for mixing or dilution. Before administration, ensure the solution is at room temperature to enhance syringeability. Use a sterile needle and syringe to draw the appropriate volume based on the animal’s weight; Administer subcutaneously or intramuscularly, depending on the prescribed route. Always follow proper aseptic techniques to prevent contamination. Shake the vial gently before use to ensure uniformity of the solution. Avoid using if the solution appears cloudy or contains visible particles. Proper handling and preparation are crucial for maintaining drug efficacy and ensuring animal safety. Always refer to the product label for specific instructions.
Injection Site Selection in Cattle
Proper injection site selection is critical for effective treatment and minimizing tissue damage. For subcutaneous administration, the loose skin of the neck is the recommended site, ensuring easy access and absorption. Avoid areas with excessive fat, inflammation, or previous scars. For intramuscular injections, the neck muscle is preferred due to its thickness and vascular supply, which facilitates drug absorption. Always rotate injection sites to prevent localized tissue reactions. The maximum volume per injection site for subcutaneous administration is 10 mL, while intramuscular injections should not exceed 2.5 mL per site. Proper site selection ensures optimal drug distribution, reduces the risk of adverse reactions, and promotes healing. Adhering to these guidelines helps maintain animal health and treatment efficacy.
Monitoring Post-Administration
Monitoring cattle after Draxxin administration is essential to ensure treatment efficacy and animal safety. Observe injection sites for signs of swelling, redness, or pain, which are common but typically mild. Watch for systemic reactions such as hypersalivation or difficulty breathing, although these are rare. Ensure the animal shows improvement in respiratory symptoms like coughing or nasal discharge within 24-48 hours. Monitor overall health, including appetite and activity levels, to assess recovery progress. In case of adverse reactions like anaphylaxis, seek veterinary assistance immediately. Record treatment responses and any adverse events for future reference. Proper monitoring helps maximize therapeutic outcomes and minimizes potential complications, ensuring the well-being of the animal and the success of the treatment plan.
Draxxin dosage for cattle is critical at 2.5 mg/kg, ensuring effective treatment of respiratory diseases. Always follow administration guidelines and consult a veterinarian for proper usage and safety.
Draxxin dosage for cattle is typically administered at 2.5 mg/kg body weight, ensuring effective treatment of respiratory diseases. Subcutaneous or intramuscular injection methods are recommended, with a maximum of 10 mL per injection site for subcutaneous use and 2.5 mL for intramuscular administration. Proper dosage adherence is critical to minimize adverse reactions and ensure therapeutic efficacy. The withdrawal period for cattle intended for human consumption is 18 days post-treatment. Always consult a veterinarian to confirm dosage requirements and administration guidelines, as improper use may lead to reduced effectiveness or safety risks. Adhering to these guidelines ensures optimal outcomes for cattle health and disease management.
Final Recommendations for Cattle Owners
Cattle owners should consult a licensed veterinarian to determine the appropriate Draxxin dosage and administration method for their herd. Always follow the recommended 2.5 mg/kg body weight dosage to ensure efficacy and safety. Proper injection techniques are essential to minimize tissue reactions and maximize absorption. Adhere to the 18-day withdrawal period before slaughter to comply with regulatory requirements. Monitor cattle for adverse reactions, such as injection site swelling or allergic responses, and report them to your veterinarian. Store Draxxin in a cool, dry place, protected from direct sunlight, and use the product before its expiration date. By following these guidelines, cattle owners can effectively manage respiratory diseases while maintaining animal health and safety standards.